Which steps constitute treatment for a nosebleed?

• A. Tilt the head back and inhale deeply.
• B. Lean forward in a sitting position, squeeze firmly the soft, flexible part of the nose, and apply cold compresses.
• C. Rinse with hot water and rub the nose.
• D. Blow the nose vigorously and apply heat.

Answer: (B)

When a nosebleed starts, the goal is to stop the bleeding quickly while keeping blood from going down the throat. The best sequence is to sit up and lean the head slightly forward, squeeze firmly the soft part of the nose, and apply a cold compress to the nose or cheeks. Leaning forward prevents blood from draining into the throat and helps avoid choking or coughing. Pinching the soft lower part of the nose directly over the bleeding site compresses the small vessels there, which helps form a clot. A cold compress causes vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow and aiding clotting.

Hold the pinch for about 10 to 15 minutes without releasing. After the bleeding stops, avoid blowing or rubbing the nose for several hours. Tilting the head back is not advised because it can lead to swallowing blood or choking. Rinsing with hot water, rubbing the nose, blowing it vigorously, or applying heat can restart or worsen the bleed. If bleeding lasts more than 20 minutes, or you have frequent nosebleeds, seek medical care.